§571.301 Standard No. 301; Fuel system integrity.
S1. Scope. This standard specifies requirements for the integrity of motor vehicle fuel systems.
S2. Purpose. The purpose of this standard is to reduce deaths and injuries occurring from fires that result from fuel spillage during and after motor vehicle crashes.
S3. Application. This standard applies to passenger cars, and to multipurpose passenger vehicles, trucks and buses that have a GVWR of 4,536 kg or less and use fuel with a boiling point above 0 ºC, and to school buses that have a GVWR greater than 4,536 kg and use fuel with a boiling point above 0 ºC.
S4. Definition. Fuel spillage means the fall, flow, or run of fuel from the vehicle but does not include wetness resulting from capillary action.
S5. General requirements.
S5.1 Passenger cars, and multipurpose passenger vehicles, trucks, and buses with a GVWR of 10,000 pounds or less. Each passenger car and each multipurpose passenger vehicle, truck, and bus with a GVWR of 10,000 pounds or less shall meet the requirements of S6.1 through S6.4. Each of these types of vehicles that is manufactured to use alcohol fuels shall also meet the requirements of S6.6.
S5.2 [Reserved]
S5.3 [Reserved]
S5.4 Schoolbuses with a GVWR greater than 10,000 pounds. Each schoolbus with a GVWR greater than 10,000 pounds shall meet the requirements of S6.5. Each schoolbus with a GVWR greater than 10,000 pounds that is manufactured to use alcohol fuels shall meet the requirements of S6.6.
S5.5 Fuel Spillage: Barrier Crash. Fuel spillage in any fixed or moving barrier crash test shall not exceed 28 g from impact until motion of the vehicle has ceased, and shall not exceed a total of 142 g in the 5-minute period following cessation of motion. For the subsequent 25-minute period, fuel spillage during any 1 minute interval shall not exceed 28 g.
S5.6 Fuel spillage; rollover. Fuel spillage in any rollover test, from the onset of rotational motion, shall not exceed a total of 142 g for the first 5 minutes of testing at each successive 90º increment. For the remaining test period, at each increment of 90º fuel spillage during any 1 minute interval shall not exceed 28 g.
S5.7. Alcohol fuel vehicles. Each vehicle manufactured to operate on an alcohol fuel (e.g., methanol, ethanol) or a fuel blend containing at least 20 percent alcohol fuel shall meet the requirements of S6.6.
S6. Test requirements Each vehicle
with a GVWR of 4,536 kg or less shall be capable of meeting the requirements of
any applicable barrier crash test followed by a static rollover, without
alteration of the vehicle during the test sequence. A particular vehicle need
not meet further requirements after having been subjected to a single barrier
crash test and a static rollover test. Where manufacturer options are specified
in this standard, the manufacturer must select an option not later than the
time it certifies the vehicle and may not thereafter select a different option
for that vehicle. Each manufacturer must, upon request from the National
Highway Traffic Safety Administration, provide information regarding which of
the compliance options it has selected for a particular vehicle or make/model.
S6.1 Frontal barrier crash. When the vehicle travelling longitudinally forward at any speed up to and including 48 km/h impacts a fixed collision barrier that is perpendicular to the line of travel of the vehicle, or at any angle up to 30 º in either direction from the perpendicular to the line of travel of the vehicle, with 50th- percentile test dummies as specified in part 572 of this chapter at each front outboard designated seating position and at any other position whose protection system is required to be tested by a dummy under the provisions of Standard No. 208, under the applicable conditions of S7., fuel spillage shall not exceed the limits of S5.5.
S6.2 Rear
moving barrier crash. (a) Vehicles manufactured before
(b) Vehicles manufactured on or after
(c) Small volume manufacturers. Notwithstanding
S6.2(b)
of this standard, vehicles manufactured on or after September 1, 2004 and
before September 1, 2008 by a manufacturer that produces fewer than 5,000
vehicles annually for sale in the
S6.3 Side moving barrier crash. (a) Vehicles manufactured before
(b) Vehicles manufactured on or after September 1, 2004. When the vehicle is impacted laterally on either side by a moving deformable barrier at 53 ± 1.0 km/h with 49 CFR part 572, subpart F test dummies at positions required for testing by S7.1.1 of Standard 214, under the applicable conditions of S7 of this standard, fuel spillage shall not exceed the limits of S5.5 of this standard.
(c) Notwithstanding S6.3(b) of this standard,
vehicles having a GVWR greater than 6,000 lb (2,722 kg) may meet S6.3(a) of
this standard until
(c)(1) Notwithstanding S6.3(b) of this standard,
vehicles having a GVWR greater than 6,000 lb (2,722 kg) may meet S6.3(a)
instead of S6.3(b) of this standard until September 1, 2005.
(c)(2) Notwithstanding S6.3(b) of this standard, vehicles having a GVWR
greater than 6,000 lb (2,722 kg) manufactured on or after September 1, 2005
must meet the requirements of S6.3(b) of this standard unless they are excluded
from S6.3(b) under the phase-in specified in this paragraph. Excluded vehicles
must meet the requirements of S6.3(a) of this standard. For
vehicles having a GVWR greater than 6,000 lb (2,722 kg) manufactured on or
after September 1, 2005 and before September 1, 2006, the number of vehicles
complying with S6.3(b) shall be not less than 90 percent of:
(c)(2)(i)
The manufacturer's average annual production of vehicles with a GVWR greater
than 6,000 lb (2,722 kg) manufactured on or after September 1, 2002 and before
September 1, 2005; or
(c)(2)(ii) The manufacturer's production of vehicles with a GVWR greater
than 6,000 lb (2,722 kg) on or after September 1, 2004 and before September 1,
2005.
(c)(2)(iii) Vehicles that have a GVWR greater than 6,000 lb (2,722 kg) and
that are manufactured on or after September 1, 2006 must meet the requirements
of S6.3(b)
of this standard.
(c)(3) Vehicles produced by more than
one manufacturer. For the purpose of calculating average annual production
of vehicles for each manufacturer and the number of vehicles manufactured by
each manufacturer under S6.3(c)(2)(i) and S6.3(c)(2)(ii) of this
standard, a vehicle produced by more than one manufacturer shall be attributed
to a single manufacturer as follows, subject to S6.3(c)(4).
(c)(3)(i)
A vehicle which is imported shall be attributed to the importer.
(c)(3)(ii) A vehicle manufactured in the
(c)(4) A vehicle produced by more than one manufacturer shall be attributed to any one of the vehicle's manufacturers specified by an express written contract, reported to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration under 49 CFR 568.6, between the manufacturer so specified and the manufacturer to which the vehicle would otherwise be attributed under S6.3(c)(3).
(d) Notwithstanding S6.3(b) of this standard, vehicles with a GVWR of 6,000
lb (2,722 kg) or less that are manufactured in two or more stages or altered
(within the meaning of 49 CFR 567.7) after having been previously certified in
accordance with Part 567 of this chapter may meet S6.3(a) of this standard
until September 1, 2005. Vehicles with a GVWR of 6,000 lb (2,722 kg) or less
that are manufactured in two or more stages or altered (within the meaning of
49 CFR 567.7) after having been previously certified in accordance with Part
567 of this chapter and that are manufactured on or after September 1, 2005
must meet the requirements of S6.3(b)
(e) Notwithstanding S6.3(b) and (c) of this standard, vehicles with a GVWR
greater than 6,000 lb (2,722 kg) that are manufactured in two or more stages or
altered (within the meaning of 49 CFR 567.7) after having been previously
certified in accordance with Part 567 of this chapter may meet S6.3(a) of this
standard until September 1, 2006.
Vehicles with a GVWR greater than 6,000 lb (2,722 kg) that are manufactured
in two or more stages or altered (within the meaning of 49 CFR 567.7) after
having been previously certified in accordance with Part 567 of this chapter
and that are manufactured on or after September 1, 2006 must meet the
requirements of S6.3(b).
S6.4 Static rollover. When the vehicle is rotated on its longitudinal axis to each successive increment of 90, following an impact crash of S6.1, S6.2, or S6.3, fuel spillage shall not exceed the limits of S5.6.
S6.5 Moving contoured barrier crash. When the moving contoured barrier assembly traveling longitudinally forward at any speed up to and including 48 km/h impacts the test vehicle (school bus with a GVWR exceeding 4,536 kg) at any point and angle, under the applicable conditions of S7.1 and S7.5, fuel spillage shall not exceed the limits of S5.5.
S6.6 Anti-siphoning test for alcohol fuel vehicles. Each vehicle shall have means that prevent any hose made of vinyl plastic or rubber, with a length of not less than 1200 millimeters (mm) and an outside diameter of not less than 5.2 mm, from contacting the level surface of the liquid fuel in the vehicle's fuel tank or fuel system, when the hose is inserted into the filler neck attached to the fuel tank with the fuel tank filled to any level from 90 to 95 percent of capacity.
S7. Test conditions. The requirements of S5.1 through S5.6 and S6.1 through S6.5 shall be met under the following conditions. Where a range is specified, the vehicle must be capable of meeting the requirements at all points within the range.
S7.1 General test conditions. The following conditions apply to all tests.
S7.1.1 The fuel tank is filled to any level from 90 to 95% of capacity with Stoddard solvent, having the physical and chemical properties of type 1 solvent, Table I ASTM Standard D484–71, "Standard Specifications for Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvents."
S7.1.2 The fuel system other than the fuel tank is filled with Stoddard solvent to its normal operating level.
S7.1.3 In meeting the requirements of S6.1 through S6.3, if the vehicle has an electrically driven fuel pump that normally runs when the vehicle's electrical system is activated, it is operating at the time of the barrier crash.
S7.1.4 The parking brake is disengaged and the transmission is in neutral, except that in meeting the requirements of S6.5 the parking brake is set.
S7.1.5 Tires are inflated to manufacturer's specifications.
S7.1.6 The vehicle, including test devices and instrumentation, is loaded as follows:
(a) Except as specified in S7.1.1, a passenger car is loaded to its unloaded vehicle weight plus its rated cargo and luggage capacity weight, secured in the luggage area, plus the necessary test dummies as specified in S6, restrained only by means that are installed in the vehicle for protection at its seating position.
(b) Except as specified in S7.1.1, a multipurpose passenger vehicle, truck, or bus with a GVWR of 4,536 kg or less is loaded to its unloaded vehicle weight, plus the necessary test dummies as specified in S6, plus 136 kg or its rated cargo and luggage capacity weight, whichever is less, secured in the load carrying area and distributed as nearly as possible in proportion to its GAWR. For the purpose of this standard, unloaded vehicle weight does not include the weight of work-performing accessories. Each dummy is restrained only by means that are installed in the vehicle for protection at its seating position.
(c) Except as specified in S7.1.1, a school bus with a GVWR greater than 4,536 kg is loaded to its unloaded vehicle weight, plus 54 kg of unsecured mass at each designated seating position.
S7.2 Side moving barrier test conditions. (a) Vehicles manufactured before
(b) Vehicles manufactured on or after September 1, 2004. The side moving deformable barrier crash test conditions are those specified in S8 of Standard 214 (49 CFR 571.214).
S7.3 Rear moving barrier test
conditions. (a) Vehicles manufactured before
(1) The vehicle is at rest in its normal attitude;
(2) The barrier is traveling at 48 km/h with its face perpendicular to the longitudinal centerline of the vehicle; and
(3) A vertical plane through the geometric center of the barrier impact surface and perpendicular to that surface coincides with the longitudinal centerline of the vehicle.
(b) Vehicles manufactured on or after
(b)(1) The vehicle is stationary;
(b)(2) The deformable face of the barrier is mounted on the barrier 50 mm (2 inches) lower than the height from the ground specified in Figure 2 of Standard No. 214 (49 CFR 571.214) (All dimensions from the ground in Figure 2, Front View should be reduced by 50 mm (2 inches.));
(b)(3) The barrier is traveling 80 ±1.0 km/h; and
(b)(4) The barrier impacts the test vehicle with the longitudinal centerline of the vehicle parallel to the line of travel and perpendicular to the barrier face within a tolerance of ± 5 degrees. The test vehicle and barrier face are aligned so that the barrier strikes the rear of the vehicle with 70 percent overlap toward either side of the vehicle. So aligned, the barrier face fully engages one half of the rear of the vehicle and partially engages the other half. At impact, the vehicle's longitudinal centerline is located inboard either of the side edges of the barrier by a distance equal to 20 percent of the vehicle's width ± 50 mm (see Figure 3). The vehicle's width is the maximum dimension measured across the widest part of the vehicle, including bumpers and molding, but excluding such components as exterior mirrors, flexible mud flaps, marker lamps, and dual rear wheel configurations.
S7.4 Static
rollover test conditions. The vehicle is rotated about
its longitudinal axis, with the axis kept horizontal, to each successive
increment of 90º, 180º, and 270º at a
uniform rate, with 90° of rotation taking place in any time interval from
S7.5 Moving contoured barrier test conditions. The following conditions apply to the moving contoured barrier crash test.
S7.5.1 The moving barrier, which is mounted on a carriage as specified in Figure 1, is of rigid construction, symmetrical about a vertical longitudinal plane. The contoured impact surface, which is 629 mm high and 1,981 mm wide, conforms to the dimensions shown in Figure 2, and is attached to the carriage as shown in that figure. The ground clearance to the lower edge of the impact surface is 133 mm ± 13 mm. The wheelbase is 3,048 mm ± 50 mm.
S7.5.2 The moving contoured barrier, including the impact surface, supporting structure, and carriage, has a mass of 1,814 kg ± 23 kg with the mass distributed so that 408 kg ± 11 kg is at each rear wheel and 499 kg ± 11 kg is at each front wheel. The center of gravity is located 1,372 mm ± 38 mm rearward of the front wheel axis, in the vertical longitudinal plane of symmetry, 401 mm ±13 mm above the ground.
S7.5.3 The moving contoured barrier has a solid nonsteerable front axle and fixed rear axle attached directly to the frame rails with no spring or other type of suspension system on any wheel. (The moving barrier assembly is equipped with a braking device capable of stopping its motion.)
S7.5.4 The concrete surface upon which the
vehicle is tested is level, rigid, and of uniform construction, with a skid
number of 75 when measured in accordance with American Society of Testing and
Materials Method E: 274-65T at 64 km/h, omitting water delivery as specified in
paragraph 7.1 of that method.
S7.5.5 The barrier assembly is released from the guidance mechanism immediately prior to impact with the vehicle.
S7.6 The moving barrier assemblies specified in S7.2, S7.3 and S7.5 are
equipped with P205/75R15 pneumatic tires inflated to 200 kPa ± 21 kPa.
S8 Phase-In schedule.
S8.1 Rear impact test upgrade. (a)
Vehicles manufactured on or after
(a)(1) The manufacturer's average annual production of vehicles manufactured
on or after
(a)(2) The manufacturer's production on or after
(b) Vehicles manufactured on or after
(b)(1) The manufacturer's average annual production of vehicles manufactured
on or after
(b)(2) The manufacturer's production on or after
(c) Vehicles manufactured on or after
S8.2 Vehicles manufactured in two or more stages. A final stage manufacturer
or alterer
may, at its option, comply with the requirements set forth in S8.2.1 and S8.2.2.
S8.2.1 Vehicles manufactured on or after
S8.2.2 Vehicles manufactured on or after
S8.3 Vehicles produced by more than one
manufacturer.
S8.3.1 For the purpose of calculating average annual production of vehicles
for each manufacturer and the number of vehicles manufactured by each
manufacturer under S8.1, a vehicle produced by more than one manufacturer must
be attributed to a single manufacturer as follows, subject to S8.3.2:
(a) A vehicle that is imported must be attributed to the importer.
(b) A vehicle manufactured in the
S8.3.2 A vehicle produced by more than one manufacturer must be attributed
to any one of the vehicle's manufacturers specified by an express written
contract, reported to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration under
49 CFR part 586, between the manufacturer so specified and the manufacturer to
which the vehicle would otherwise be attributed under S8.3.1.
Figures to §571.301
FIGURE 1. COMMON CARRIAGE FOR MOVING BARRIERS
FIGURE 2. COMMON CARRIAGE WITH CONTOURED IMPACT SURFACE ATTACHED
FIGURE 3 – MOVING DEFORMABLE BARRIER REAR IMPACT – 70% OVERLAP
[40 FR 48353,