§571.118 Standard No. 118; Power-operated window, partition, and roof panel systems.
S1. Purpose and scope. This standard specifies requirements for power operated window, partition, and roof panel systems to minimize the likelihood of death or injury from their accidental operation.
S2. Application.
This standard applies to passenger cars, multipurpose passenger vehicles,
and trucks with a gross vehicle weight rating of 4,536 kilograms or less. This
standard's requirements for actuation devices, as provided in S6, need not be
met for vehicles manufactured before
S3. Definitions.
Infrared reflectance means the
ratio of the intensity of infrared light reflected and scattered by a flat
sample of the test rod material to the intensity of infrared light reflected
and scattered by a mirror that reflects 99.99 percent of the infrared radiation
incident on its surface as measured by the apparatus show in Figure 2.
Power operated roof panel systems mean moveable panels in the vehicle roof which close by vehicle supplied power either by a sliding or hinged motion, and do not include convertible top systems.
S4. Operating requirements. Except as provided in S5, power operated window, partition, or roof panel systems may be closed only in the following circumstances:
(a) When the key that controls activation of the vehicle's engine is in the "ON", "START", or "ACCESSORY" position;
(b) By muscular force unassisted by vehicle supplied power;
(c) Upon continuous activation by a locking system on the exterior of the vehicle;
(d) Upon continuous activation of a remote actuation device, provided that the remote actuation device shall be incapable of closing the power window, partition or roof panel from a distance of more than 6 meters from the vehicle;
(e) During the interval between the time the locking device which controls the activation of the vehicle's engine is turned off and the opening of either of a two–door vehicle's doors or, in the case of a vehicle with more than two doors, the opening of either of its front doors;
(f) If the window, partition, or roof panel is in a static position before starting to close and in that position creates an opening so small that a 4 mm diameter semi-rigid cylindrical rod cannot be placed through the opening at any location around its edge in the manner described in S5(b); or
(g) Upon continuous activation of a remote actuation device, provided that the remote actuation device shall be incapable of closing the power window, partition or roof panel if the device and the vehicle are separated by an opaque surface and provided that the remote actuation device shall be incapable of closing the power window, partition or roof panel from a distance of more than 11 meters from the vehicle.
S5. Automatic reversal systems.
A power-operated
window, partition, or roof panel system that is capable of closing or of being
closed under any circumstances other than those specified in S4 shall meet the
requirements of S5.1, S5.2, and, if applicable, S5.3.
S5.1. While closing, the power-operated window, partition, or roof panel
shall stop and reverse direction either before contacting a test rod with
properties described in S8.2 or S8.3, or before exerting a squeezing force of
100 newtons
(N) or more on a semi-rigid cylindrical test rod with the properties described in S8.1, when
such test rod is placed through the window, partition, or roof panel opening at
any location in the manner described in the applicable test under S7.
S5.2. Upon reversal, the power-operated window, partition, or roof panel
system must open to one of the following positions, at the manufacturer's
option:
(a) A position that is at least as open as the position at the time closing
was initiated;
(b) A position that is not less than 125 millimeters (mm) more open than the
position at the time the window reversed direction; or
(c) A position that permits a semi-rigid cylindrical rod that is 200 mm in
diameter to be placed through the opening at the same location as the rod
described in S7.1 or S7.2(b).
S5.3. If a vehicle uses proximity detection by infrared reflection to stop
and reverse a power-operated window, partition, or roof panel, the infrared
source shall project infrared light at a wavelength of not less than 850 nm and
not more than 1050 nm. The system shall meet the requirements in S5.1 and S5.2
in all ambient light conditions from total darkness to 64,500 lux (6,000 foot
candles) incandescent light intensity.
S6. Actuation Devices.
Except as provided in paragraph S6(b), actuation devices in the occupant
compartments of vehicles used to close power-operated windows, partitions, and
roof panels must meet the following requirements:
(a) An actuation device must not cause a window, partition, or roof panel to
begin to close from any open position when tested as follows:
(a)(1) Using a stainless steel sphere having a surface finish between 8 and
4 micro inches and a radius of 20 mm + 0.2 mm, place the surface of the
sphere against any portion of the actuation device.
(a)(2) Apply a force not to exceed 135
(a)(3) For actuation devices that cannot be contacted by the sphere
specified in S6(a)(1) prior to the application of force, apply a force up to
the level specified in S6(a)(2) at any angle in an attempt to make contact with
the actuation device. The sphere is directionally applied in such a manner
that, if unimpeded, it would make contact with the actuation device.
(b) The requirement in S6(a)
does not apply to either—
(b)(1) actuation devices that are mounted in a vehicle's roof, headliner, or
overhead console that can close power-operated windows, partitions, or roof
panels only by continuous rather than momentary switch actuation, or
(b)(2) actuation
devices for closing power-operated windows, partitions, or roof panels which
comply with paragraph S5.
(c) Any actuation device for closing a power-operated window must operate by
pulling away from the surface in the vehicle on which the device is mounted. An
actuation device must operate only when pulled vertically up (if horizontally
mounted), or out (if vertically mounted), or in a direction perpendicular to
the surrounding surface if mounted in a sloped orientation, in order to cause
the window to move in the closing direction.
S7. Test procedures.
S7.1. Test
procedure for testing power-operated window, partition, or roof panel systems
designed to detect obstructions by physical contact or by light beam
interruption: Place the test rod of the type specified in S8.1 or
S8.2, as appropriate, through the window, partition, or roof panel opening from
the inside of the vehicle such that the cylindrical surface of the rod contacts
any part of the structure with which the window, partition, or roof panel
mates. Typical placements of test rods are illustrated in Figure 1. Attempt to
close the power window, partition, or roof panel by operating the actuation
device provided in the vehicle for that purpose.
S7.2. Test procedure for testing power-operated window, partition, or
roof panel systems designed to detect the proximity of obstructions using
infrared reflectance:
(a) Place the vehicle under incandescent lighting that projects 64,500 lux (6,000 foot
candles) onto the infrared sensor. The light is projected onto the infrared
sensor by aiming the optical axis of a light source outside the vehicle as
perpendicular as possible to the lens of the infrared sensor. The intensity of
light is measured perpendicular to the plane of the lens of the infrared
sensor, as close as possible to the center of the lens of the infrared sensor.
(b) Place a test rod of the type specified in S8.3 in the window, partition,
or roof panel opening, with the window, partition, or roof panel in any
position. While keeping the rod stationary, attempt to close the window,
partition, or roof panel by operating the actuation device provided in the
vehicle for that purpose. Remove the test rod. Fully open the window,
partition, or roof panel, and then begin to close it. While the window, partition, or roof panel is
closing, move a
(c) Repeat the steps in S7.2(a)
and (b) with other ambient light conditions within the range specified in S5.3.
S8. Test rods.
S8.1. Rods for testing systems
designed to detect obstructions by physical contact:
(a) Each test rod is of cylindrical shape with any diameter in the range
from 4 mm to 200 mm and is of sufficient length that it can be hand-held during
the test specified in S7 with only the test rod making any contact with any
part of the window, partition, or roof panel or mating surfaces of the window,
partition, or roof panel.
(b) Each test rod has a force-deflection ratio of not less than 65 N/mm for
rods 25 mm or smaller in diameter, and not less than 20 N/mm for rods larger
than 25 mm in diameter.
S8.2. Rods for testing systems designed to detect obstructions by light
beam interruption: Each test rod has the shape and dimensions specified in
S8.1 and is, in addition, opaque to infrared, visible, and ultraviolet light.
S8.3. Rods for testing systems designed to detect the proximity of
obstructions using infrared reflection:
(a) Each rod is constructed so that its surface has an infrared reflectance
of not more than 1.0 percent when measured by the apparatus in Figure 2, in
accordance with the procedure in S9.
(b) Each rod has the shape and dimensions specified in Figure 3.
S9. Procedure for measuring
infrared reflectance of test rod surface material.
(a) The infrared reflectance of the rod surface material is measured using a
flat sample and an infrared light source and sensor operating at a wavelength
of 950
(b) The intensity of incident infrared light is determined using a reference
mirror of nominally 100 percent reflectance mounted in place of the sample in
the test apparatus in Figure 2.
(c) Infrared reflectance measurements of each sample of test rod surface
material and of the reference mirror are corrected to remove the contribution
of infrared light reflected and scattered by the sample holder and other parts
of the apparatus before computation of the infrared reflectance ratio.
Figures to §571.118
FIGURE 1. TYPICAL CYLINDRICAL TEST RODS PROTRUDING THROUGH SUNROOF AND WINDOW DAYLIGHT OPENINGS
FIGURE 2 – REFLECTANCE TEST APPARATUS
FIGURE 3 – CYLINDRICAL ROD FOR TESTING NON-CONTACT INFRARED REFLECTION SYSTEMS
[56 FR 15294, Apr. 16, 1991, as amended at 57 FR 23963, June 5, 1992; 57 FR 28012, June 23, 1992; 58 FR 16785, Mar. 31, 1993; 60 FR 13644, Mar. 14, 1995; 69 FR 55531, Sept. 15, 2004; 69 FR 55544, Sept. 15, 2004; 71 FR 25285, Apr. 28, 2006]